Understanding U-Joint Wear in Steering Columns and How it Affects Function of Other Steering Components
Clunk on Lock-to-Lock Turns
A dull clunk on lock-to-lock turns can be indicative of a worn u-joint. Here, a worn u-joint will develop play between the cups and needles. The resulting knock is very pronounced at the point where load is transferred through the joint.
Stiff Spot at a Specific Steering Angle
If the steering column is loose in most situations but then seems to stiffen up at a specific point, then check the U-Joints for wear. A worn joint, particularly a corroded one, will start to tighten up at specific points in the joint’s rotation.
Knocking at Low Speed
A knocking sound at low speed such as in a car park or when maneuvering is typical of u-joint wear rather than rack wear. It is typically a sharper sound and more localized than the looseness associated with rack wear.
Visible Rust on the Yokes
Examine the steering column with the ignition turned off. Look along the column at the joints for the u-joint yokes. These will normally be hidden by the steering column cover. If they are exposed, then look for signs of heavy rust or pitting. This corrosion can cause the needle bearings in the joint to seize up. If the joint is seized up then it will cause binding of the steering wheel.
Play When Checked by Hand
With the ignition switched off and held at the bottom of the column by an assistant, gently rock the top of the column. Any free play detected at the joints rather than at the wheel will confirm u-joint wear.
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Early recognition of these signs can help to prevent further damage of surrounding parts.